This is a brief list of the most commonly types of crystals used and mostly known, however there are thousands of crystals around that you will find.
Some are more expensive than others and this depends on where it comes from and the quality of the stone.
I found some information on it, to help you make some choice on what one to choose, it is based on intuition at the same time.

AGATE - Acceptance, grounding, emotional, physical balance. Strengthens effects of other stones

AMAZONITE - Soothing to nervous system. Aligns etheric and mental bodies.
 
AMBER - Fossilized resin--not a stone. Lungs, memory, calming and protection
 
AMETHYST - Purple quartz. Assists spiritual/psychic opening in a grounded way, creativity, courage, intuition, self-esteem.
 
AQUAMARINE - Mental clarity, spiritual inspiration, calming, enhances self-expression.
 
ADVENTURINE - Green quartz. Mental clarity, joy, positive attitude
 
AZURITE - Activates expansion of consciousness, amplifies healing abilities
 
BERYL - Intestines, Cardiovascular system, sedative
 
BLOODSTONE - Blood disorders, heart circulation, vitality, courage, generates higher states of consciousness.
 
BLUE QUARTZ - Detoxification, creativity, calming
 
CALCITE - Kidney stimulant, aids in astral projection, balances yin/yang qualities
 
CARNELIAN - Strengthening, creativity, prosperity, lower back problems, reproductive organs, encourages opening & curiosity.
 
CITRINE - Breaks up energy blockages in the body, strengthens will, vision, balance, self-confidence, helps in letting go of addictions
 
CLEAR QUARTZ - Powerful transmitter, amplifies/directs thought forms, healing energy balancer, promote clarity, attunes one to higher self
 
DIAMOND - Removes blockages, negativity, brain balancer, draws toxicity from the body
 
ELESTIALS - Crystal of the angels. Aligns one to the Christ principles. Access past life information relevant to today. Releases blockages and negativity. One of the most powerful healing crystals. May be used on any part of body.
 
EMERALD - Improves relationships, meditation, relaxation, heart balancer, strengthens clairvoyance, psychic abilities, aids in mental illness
 
FLUORITE - Arthritis, strengthens abilities to perceive higher levels of reality, absorbs and clears air of psychic clutter.
FRANKINLITER - Are stones found only in NJ. It only grows in pyramid shapes, stopping with the Star Tetrahedron. This is the only stone in the world that grows in this pattern.
 
GARNET - Circulation (especially in lungs, skin, intestines), promotes heat, energy, vitality, strengthens imagination, self-esteem, willpower
 
HEMATITE - Blood disorder, increases self esteem, aids astral protection
 
HERKIMER DIAMOND - Releases physical stress, tension, cleanses subtle bodies, discharges toxicity from system, aids in past life memories, stimulates clairvoyance and dream work, stores information.
 
IOLITE - Is one of the major stones used in healing, guided meditations and during astral travel adventures. It works through the third eye/crown area. The "correct" positioning of the stone needs to be intuited individually. The purpose for this stone is to enhance the evolution of spiritual growth as painlessly and effortlessly as possible. The electrical charge from the gem/crystal boosts the strength in aligning the auric field with the spiritual bodies. It balances the yin and yang of the male and female energy. It brings a balance to self-enabling a greater sense of responsibility in the management of relationships and money management. It releases disharmony allowing the movement towards perfection, not only in this world but also in the next world. It allows for patience as the acknowledger of access to inner knowledge, and in the knowing of direction.
 
JADE - Blood cleanser, strengthens immune system, kidneys, generates divine love, encourages altruistic nature & expression of feelings, strengthens earth connections, protects from injury and accidents.
 
LAPIS LAZULI - Increases psychic abilities, opens clairvoyance, throat (expressiveness) cleansing, aligns etheric, mental, spiritual bodies, thought amplifier

MALACHITE--Balance right/left brain, mental illness, over-toxification protects against radiation, promotes tissue regeneration, inspires giving of self, self expression, assists vision on all levels.
 
MOLDAVITE - The richly coloured translucent green stone known as Moldavite is the only known gemstone of extraterrestrial origin. The only recorded fall of Moldavite occurred about fifteen million years ago! Moldavites are the rarest of gems, perhaps even rarer than diamonds, rubies or emeralds. Since their origin is not of this Earth, further discovery of new deposits seems highly unlikely. Many people find it easy to 'connect' with the energies of Moldavite. Typically, though not upon every occasion, people first experience heat radiating from the stone and a sense of pulling energy, with very strong and firm pulsations. Sometimes, when the connection is very strong, holding the stone will bring on a flush to the face and neck, accompanied by the activation of the heart Chakra and sometimes the higher Chakras, especially the third eye. Moldavite assists the expansion of your crystal and cosmic consciousness. All moldavite is made available to all those who would serve it in Truth. Moldavite, however, is not for everyone. Those of you reading these words - and who are immediately 'drawn' to the idea of working with this experiential stone - will intuitively realize that it is right for you to acquire one!
 
MOONSTONE - Opens one to "feminine" qualities-receptivity, sensitivity, intuition, clairvoyance, for female problems & emotional balance
 
OBSIDIAN - Protects sensitive people, wards off negativity, reduces tensions, good for letting go of old love, travel, strengthens prophesy.
OPAL - Protection, enhances cosmic consciousness, intuition, harmony, emotional balance, joy, creativity

PERIDOT - Stimulates tissue regeneration, enhances clarity, patience, calming, balancing, aligns all subtle bodies, increases clairvoyance, encourages positive emotional outlook
 
PHANTOM QUARTZ - The crystal to meditate on when you feel you have become stuck in life and need to get going again.
 
PYRITE - Digestive aid, good for red corpuscles, circulation, eases anxiety, frustration depression, money magnet
 
RHODOCHROSITE - Cleanses subconscious, strengthens self-identity, attunes one to natural androgynous state
 
ROSE QUARTZ - Increases confidence, personal expression, creativity, emotional balance, self-love, for "heartbreak" opening to Universal love and comfort
 
RUBY - Heart, spiritual balance, confidence, flexibility, energy, vitality, devotion, leadership
 
RUBILATED QUARTZ - Helps break old patterns, childhood blockages, tissue regeneration, builds immune system, eases depression
 
SAPPHIRE - Enhances glandular function, elevates mood, stimulates clairvoyance, telepathy, "feminine" qualities, improves expression, communication with one's spirit guides.
 
SMOKY QUARTZ - Increases fertility, creativity, joy, balances emotional energy, grounding, strengthens adrenal glands, aids protein assimilation
 
SODALITE - Encourages harmony, balance, courage, communication, strengthens lymphatic system, alleviates subconscious fear and guilt
 
TIGER EYE - For beginning detoxification, works on mass consciousness to separate desire from need.
 
TOPAZ - Assists understanding, balances, emotions, helps in letting go of the past, enhances creativity, relaxant, aids tissue regeneration.
 
TOURMALINE - Dispels fear, negativity, grief, promotes health, environment, tranquil sleep, balance in relationships, self-expressions, eases compulsiveness. Tourmaline is electromagnetic therefore it interacts with our bodies electromagnetic system. It has a strong anti cancer vibration and is good for the heart Chakra. It is known as a master healer
 
BLACK - Activates base Chakra, for arthritis, adrenals, protects against negativity
 
GREEN – Heart Chakra, immune system, balancer
 
BLUE - Throat Chakra, communication, lungs
 
WATERMELON - Stimulates, strengthens effect of other tourmalines, heart, balance, endocrines
 
PINK/RUBELLITE - Heart balancer, increases insight, perception, creativity, fertility, balances passivity/aggression
IN QUARTZ - Crown Ahakra, attunement to higher self, increases spiritual understanding, promote peace.
 
TURQUOISE - Strengthens entire body, promotes nutrient absorption, tissue regeneration, circulation, aligns subtle bodies, protects against harm, environmental pollutants, increases psychic communication skills.
 
Tracy.